An Evaluation of Maternal Stress Levels and Birth Complications in Borno State
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Background of the Study
Maternal stress is a significant risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and complications during labor and delivery. Stress during pregnancy can result from various sources, including financial difficulties, conflict, poor healthcare access, and lack of social support (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Prolonged exposure to stressors leads to the release of cortisol, a hormone that can negatively impact fetal development and increase the risk of pregnancy-related complications (Smith et al., 2023).
Borno State, located in northeastern Nigeria, has experienced prolonged insecurity due to insurgency, displacement, and economic instability. The ongoing crisis has exacerbated maternal stress levels, as many women face food insecurity, limited healthcare access, and psychological distress (Nigerian Centre for Disease Control [NCDC], 2024). Studies have indicated that women in conflict-affected regions are more likely to experience stress-related pregnancy complications, yet research on this subject remains limited in the Nigerian context (Adebayo & Musa, 2023).
This study aims to evaluate maternal stress levels and their association with birth complications in Borno State. Findings from this research will contribute to better maternal healthcare interventions and stress management strategies for pregnant women in high-risk environments.
Statement of the Problem
Maternal stress is an underrecognized yet critical factor contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes in Borno State. The region’s insecurity, economic hardship, and displacement have heightened stress levels among pregnant women, leading to increased risks of complications such as preterm birth, gestational hypertension, and prolonged labor (WHO, 2024). Despite evidence linking stress to negative birth outcomes, there is limited research examining the specific relationship between maternal stress and birth complications in Borno State.
Healthcare facilities in the region are overstretched, and many pregnant women lack access to prenatal care services that could help mitigate the effects of stress on pregnancy (NCDC, 2024). Without data-driven interventions, maternal and neonatal mortality rates may continue to rise. This study seeks to evaluate maternal stress levels and their direct impact on birth complications to provide insights for better maternal health policies.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess maternal stress levels among pregnant women in Borno State.
- To examine the relationship between maternal stress and birth complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight.
- To identify coping mechanisms used by pregnant women to manage stress and their effectiveness.
Research Questions
- What are the prevailing maternal stress levels among pregnant women in Borno State?
- How does maternal stress influence birth complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight?
- What coping strategies do pregnant women in Borno State use to manage stress, and how effective are they?
Research Hypotheses
- High maternal stress levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of birth complications.
- Pregnant women experiencing higher stress levels are more likely to have preterm births or low birth weight babies.
- Effective stress management strategies reduce the likelihood of birth complications among pregnant women.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Borno State, assessing their stress levels and pregnancy outcomes. Limitations may include difficulty in accurately measuring stress levels and potential bias in self-reported data.
Definitions of Terms
- Maternal Stress: Psychological and physiological strain experienced by pregnant women due to external stressors (WHO, 2024).
- Preterm Birth: Birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestation, often linked to maternal stress (Smith et al., 2023).
- Low Birth Weight: A newborn weight of less than 2,500 grams, often associated with maternal stress and poor prenatal care (Adebayo & Musa, 2023).
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